Rajasthan Geography Short Notes for REET: Rajasthan, the largest state of India, is known for its diverse geographical features, climate variations, and natural resources. Below are the key points covering its geography in a concise and exam-oriented manner.
नोट्स को डाउनलोड करने का लिंक सबसे निचे दिया गया है वहां सावधानी पूर्वक डाउनलोड कर सेव कर लेवें
1. Rajasthan Geography Short Notes for REET, RAS Exam Location & Area
- Rajasthan is located in the northwestern part of India.
- It covers 3,42,239 sq km, approximately 10.41% of India’s total area.
- It shares its border with 5 Indian states – Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat.
- International border: Pakistan (1,070 km long) in the west.
2. Physiographic Divisions
Rajasthan is divided into the following major geographical regions:
(a) Thar Desert (Marusthal) – 61% Area
- Covers western Rajasthan including Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, and Jodhpur.
- Known for sand dunes, extreme temperatures, and low rainfall (100-150 mm/year).
- The Indira Gandhi Canal helps in irrigation.
(b) Aravalli Range
- One of the oldest fold mountains in the world.
- Divides Rajasthan into two parts: eastern fertile plains & western desert.
- Highest Peak: Guru Shikhar (1,722 m) in Mount Abu (Sirohi district).
(c) Eastern Plains
- Covers Bharatpur, Dholpur, Kota, Bundi, Jaipur etc.
- Fertile soil due to Chambal and Banas rivers.
- Hadoti Plateau and Shekhawati region fall under this category.
(d) South-Eastern Plateau (Mewar & Hadauti Plateau)
- Covers districts like Bhilwara, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi.
- Known for black soil, rivers, and agriculture.
- Rivers: Chambal, Banas, Kali Sindh, Parvati, and Mahi.
3. Climate & Rainfall
- Rajasthan has an arid to semi-arid climate.
- The state receives an average rainfall of 57 cm annually.
- Western Rajasthan: Less than 25 cm rainfall.
- Eastern Rajasthan: More than 50 cm rainfall.
4. Rivers of Rajasthan
- Rajasthan is mainly a drainage-less state, with few rivers.
- Major rivers: Chambal (largest), Banas, Luni, Mahi, and Sabarmati.
- Chambal River: Originates from Madhya Pradesh and is the only perennial river of Rajasthan.
- Luni River: Largest river of western Rajasthan, originates from Nag Pahar (Ajmer).
- Mahi River: Flows through Banswara and forms Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam.
5. Soil Types
- Desert Soil: Found in western Rajasthan, lacks water-retention capacity.
- Black Soil: Found in Kota, Bundi, Bhilwara, good for cotton & soybean.
- Red & Yellow Soil: Present in Dungarpur, Banswara, Udaipur.
- Alluvial Soil: Found in eastern districts like Bharatpur, Dholpur, Alwar.
6. Natural Vegetation & Wildlife
- Forest Cover: Rajasthan has 9.6% forest area.
- Major National Parks:
- Ranthambore National Park (Sawai Madhopur) – Famous for Tigers.
- Sariska Tiger Reserve (Alwar) – Known for Royal Bengal Tigers.
- Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur) – UNESCO World Heritage Site for migratory birds.
- Desert National Park (Jaisalmer & Barmer) – Home to Great Indian Bustard.
7. Minerals & Industries
- Rajasthan is the largest producer of marble, sandstone, gypsum, and zinc in India.
- Khetri (Jhunjhunu): Known for copper mining.
- Zawar Mines (Udaipur): Largest zinc reserves in India.
- Makrana (Nagaur): World-famous for white marble (used in Taj Mahal).
- Bhilwara: Famous for textile industries.
8. Important Dams & Lakes
- Dams:
- Rana Pratap Sagar Dam (Chambal River, Chittorgarh) – Hydroelectric project.
- Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam (Mahi River, Banswara).
- Bisalpur Dam (Banas River, Tonk) – Drinking water source for Jaipur.
- Lakes:
- Sambhar Lake: Largest saltwater lake in India.
- Pichola Lake (Udaipur): Famous for Lake Palace.
- Fateh Sagar Lake (Udaipur): Known for Nehrupark Island.
9. Agriculture & Crops
- Rajasthan ranks first in mustard, bajra (pearl millet), and guar gum production.
- Major crops: Wheat, barley, pulses, oilseeds, and cotton.
- Cash crops: Mustard, cumin, coriander, and fennel.
10. Important Cities & Their Significance
- Jaipur (Pink City): Capital of Rajasthan, famous for tourism.
- Jodhpur (Sun City): Known for Mehrangarh Fort and handicrafts.
- Udaipur (City of Lakes): Famous for palaces and lakes.
- Kota: Major educational hub and largest industrial city.
- Bikaner: Famous for camel breeding and sweets.
- Ajmer: Known for Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Dargah.
Conclusion
Rajasthan’s geography is diverse, ranging from deserts to fertile plains. Understanding its key aspects helps in scoring well in REET, RAS, and other competitive exams. By focusing on physical features, rivers, climate, vegetation, and economic resources, aspirants can strengthen their preparation.
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